Chemical Formulas and Nomenclature - Quiz on 2/11/97

Assignment 2 - Monoatomic Ions

metals - are located in the lower left corner of the periodic table and form cations

nonmetals - are located in the upper right corner of the periodic table and form anions or molecular compounds

ion - electrically charged particle

cation - ion with a positive charge

anion - ion with a negative charge

monoatomic ion - ion consisting of one atom carrying a charge

polyatomic ion - ion consisting of two or more atoms

Study the names and charges of the monoatomic ions:

fixed-charge metal - forms only one type of ion

the name of the ion is the same as the name of the element:

1. all Group I metals (+1): Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺

2. all Group II metals (+2): Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺

3. Ag⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Al³⁺, Ga³⁺

variable-charge metal - all other metals; form ions with different charges; the name of the ion is the name of the element plus the charge as a roman numeral in parentheses; important ones include:

Cu⁺, Cu²⁺ Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ Sn²⁺, Sn⁴⁺ Pb²⁺, Pb⁴⁺

As³⁺, As⁵⁺ Sb³⁺, Sb⁵⁺ Ti³⁺, Ti⁴⁺ Au¹⁺, Au³⁺

for the following examples only one of the possible ions is common:

Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, Hg²⁺, Bi³⁺, Cr³⁺, Ni²⁺

charges of nonmetal ions = group number - 8;

the name of the ion is the name of the stem of the element plus the ending -ide

1. group V: N^3-, P^3-

2. group VI: O^2-, S^2-,

3. group VII: F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-

hydrogen: H⁺ (hydrogen), H^- (hydride)